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  5. Nation-wide Survey of CALEA Agencies
Exit Survey »
 
 
 
 
 
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: This questionnaire asks for information regarding the day-to-day criminal investigative process of law enforcement agencies. Responses should be recorded on the questionnaire by filling in the circle or writing in the appropriate response.
 
 
For purposes of the following questions investigators are defined as sworn or non-sworn officers who:
- Generally wear civilian clothes
- Perform primarily investigative duties
- Have specially designated titles such as "detective," "investigator," "agent," etc.
- May be managers or supervisors who primarily supervise either investigators or investigative matters

This definition does not include:
Sworn and non-sworn officers having investigative support duties, such as crime scene or laboratory technicians, legal staff, crime analysis, and intelligence or information specialists.
 
 
 
Section I: Investigators
 
 
Which of the following best describes your law enforcement agency? (Mark only one)
 
City/Municipality
 
County
 
State Agency (Police)
 
State Agency (Highway Patrol)
 
Township
 
Other...please specify
 
 
 
How many sworn officers does your agency employ?
 
1 - 50
 
51 - 100
 
101 - 150
 
151 - 200
 
201 - 300
 
301 - 500
 
501 - 1000
 
More than 1000
 
 
 
Are investigators (as defined above) employed at your agency?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
How many investigators (sworn and non-sworn) does your agency employ? (This answer is to include investigators in areas such as: internal affairs, homicide, vice, narcotics, etc.)
   
 
 
How many investigators are non-sworn?
   
How many investigators are part-time?
   
 
What kind of cases do investigators generally investigate?
Yes No
(1) All cases including minor cases (but uniformed officers do preliminary investigations)
(2) Only certain cases, such as major, complex or lengthy investigations
(3) All cases, including minor cases, but within specific geographic areas
(4) Only certain cases (major, complex, lengthy, etc.) but within specific geographic areas
(5) Other
 
 
What reasons/rationale does your agency have for the organization of its investigators?
Yes No
a. To be more proactive in investigations
b. To improve community relations
c. To develop expertise in investigations
d. To improve communication or assist uniformed officers
e. To improve familiarity with criminals and crime patterns in the area
f. To make more efficient use of personnel and resources
g. To solve/clear more crimes
h. Other
 
 
 
Does your agency place investigators into separate organized units?
 
Yes
 
No
 
If your agency places investigators into separate organized units please fill out the appropriate response below. Answer Yes or No and input the number of investigators for each category if applicable. (NOTE: Please DO NOT INCLUDE INVESTIGATIVE SUPPORT UNITS such as those involved in evidence collection, analysis, etc.)
Yes No NA
Investigations (General)
Crimes against persons
Crimes against property
Homicide
Robbery
Narcotics
Vice
Internal Affairs
Juvenile
Vehicle Theft
Yes No NA
Financial Crimes
Internet Crimes
Burglary
Fraud
Sex Crimes
Domestic Violence
Crimes Against Children
Task Force(s) (Terrorist, Drug, Fugitive, etc)
Other
 
 
 
0 to 3 years of experience
   
4 to 6 years of experience
   
7 to 10 years of experience
   
11 or more years of experience
   
 
 
 
Are "cold case files" (old unsolved crimes) investigated by your agency?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
On what basis are the investigators assigned to these cases?
 
Full-time
 
Part-time
 
N/A
 
Other - Please Specify
 
 
 
What types of cases are usually assigned to cold case investigators?
 
Homicides only
 
Serious crimes against persons
 
Any serious crime
 
N/A
 
Other - Please Specify
 
 
 
 
At your agency, how often do investigators report to and/or coordinate with supervisors on routine investigations? (Mark only the most common answer).
 
Daily
 
Weekly
 
Monthly
 
Other - Please Specify
 
 
 
Which of the following response(s) best describes what investigators do in your agency when investigating serious crimes (choose one for each item listed below).

a. Tasks
Never Sometimes Usually Always
(1) Conduct undercover investigations
(2) Do community problem solving
(3) Process crime scenes for physical evidence
(4) Prioritize cases based on local area problems
(5) Self-assign cases based on local area problems
(6) Work in pairs
 
b. Work with uniformed officers
Never Sometimes Usually Always
(1) In teams
(2) On decoy units, stakeouts, etc.
(3) To analyze crime patterns
 
A number of criteria and processes that are listed below can be used to select investigators. For each one, please indicate whether or not it is used in your agency.

a. Criteria:
Never Sometimes Usually Always
(1) Arrest record
(2) Education requirements specifically for investigators
(3) Investigation skills
(4) Minimum number of years of experience
(5) Personnel records (commendations, complaints, etc.)
(6) Promotion to a certain grade level
(7) Supervisor/staff ratings or evaluations
(8) Other
 
b. Processes:
Never Sometimes Usually Always
(1) Civil service exam
(2) Oral board interview
(3) Peer evaluation
(4) Personal interview
(5) Test (writing, verbal ability, etc.)
(6) Other
 
 
 
Has your agency hired people (laterally) from other agencies as investigators within the past five years?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
When selected to be an investigator, is the individual automatically entitled to any of the following?
Yes No
a. Civil service status
b. Higher pay scale
c. Promotion in rank
d. Special allowances
e. Other
 
 
 
In your agency how many ranks are there for investigators?
 
One
 
Two
 
Three
 
Four
 
Five or more
 
 
 
Are newly selected investigators required to be placed on a probationary period?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Other - Please Specify
 
 
 
Are newly appointed investigators required to complete additional training before being assigned to their own cases?
 
Yes
 
No
 
What type of training do new investigators receive?
Yes No
(1) Crime type training (homicide, crimes against property, drugs, etc.)
(2) Investigative techniques (interviews/interrogations, crime scene management, etc.)
(3) Legal issues (arrest, search, court testimony, etc.)
(4) Management/administration (report writing, case management, data systems, etc.)
(5) Other
 
 
Excluding new investigators, are investigators in your agency required to undergo any refresher or advanced classroom investigations training?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Concerning investigators who attend investigative training instruction, which of the items listed below are authorized by your agency?
Yes No
a. Reimburse all expenses
b. Reimburse some expenses
c. Time off
d. Over-time
e. Comp time
f. Other
 
 
With regard to the training of investigators, to which degree has each of the factors listed below been a problem?
None Slight Moderate Large
a. Excessive length of training
b. Ineffectiveness of training
c. Lack of funding
d. Lack of management support
e. Lack of quality of training
f. Low individual motivation
g. Manpower shortage
h. Non-availability of desired training
i. Other
 
 
 
Within your agency are there any policies that limit how long officers are allowed to serve in investigative positions?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Why do people most commonly leave investigative positions in your agency?
Does Not Apply Not Common Common
a. Collective bargaining agreement
b. Dislike of investigative work
c. Improve promotion potential
d. Job stress
e. Periodic rotation cycle
f. Retirement
g. Other
 
 
 
Please indicate for each item listed below whether or not the criteria and process is used to select supervisory investigators in your agency (persons who supervise investigators on a daily basis).
 
a. Criteria
Never Sometimes Usually Always
(1) Officers' arrest record
(2) Education requirements specifically for investigators
(3) Investigative skills
(4) Minimum years of experience
(5) Personnel records (commendations, complaints, etc.)
(6) Supervisor/staff ratings or evaluations
(7) Other
 
b. Processes
Never Sometimes Usually Always
(1) Civil service exam
(2) Oral board interview
(3) Peer evaluation
(4) Personal interview
(5) Tests (writing, verbal ability, etc.)
(6) Other
 
 
How is a case assigned to an investigator once the decision is made to investigate the incident?
Never Sometimes Usually Always
a. By rotation
b. By size of investigator caseload
c. By the experience of the investigator
e. By the specialty of the investigator
f. Other
 
 
The decision to assign cases to investigators is most commonly made by which of the following?
Yes No
a. The investigators themselves decide
b. The immediate supervisor who is also a investigator decides
c. The immediate supervisor who is not an investigator decides
d. Other
 
 
 
Are activity logs (written breakdown of activities and/or amount of time spent on cases) routinely required of investigators in your agency to account for how their time is spent?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Different methods are used to evaluate investigators and investigation units. For each item below, please indicate whether or not it is used in your agency.
Used to Evaluate Investigators Not Used to Evaluate Investigators Used to Evaluate Units Not Used to Evaluate Units
a. Analysis of unresolved cases
b. Arrest statistics
c. Audit (review of randomly selected cases)
d. Caseload statistics
e. Clearance statistics
f. Community policing related activities
g. Conviction statistics
h. Crime pattern detection activities
i. Evidence collection/handling
j. Hot spot reduction activities
Used to Evaluate Investigators Not Used to Evaluate Investigators Used to Evaluate Units Not Used to Evaluate Units
k. Incident reduction/prevention activities
l. Periodic caseload review
m. Periodic written evaluation by supervisor
n. Property recovered
o. Prosecution statistics
p. Report writing
q. Peer review
r. Success in a major investigation
 
 
 
SECTION II: UNIFORMED OFFICERS
 
 
From the list below, which investigative functions do uniformed officers perform in your agency?
Never Sometimes Usually Always
a. Canvass areas for witnesses
b. Collect physical evidence from crime scene
c. Collect physical evidence from suspect
d. Conduct drug field tests
e. Conduct records checks
f. Conduct surveillance
g. Conduct undercover activities
h. Coordinate investigations with prosecutors
i. Interrogate suspects
j. Interview suspects
Never Sometimes Usually Always
k. Interview victims
l. Interview witnesses
m. Notify investigation units
n. Secure crime scene
o. Submit evidence for forensic analysis
p. Testify in court
 
 
 
Has your agency attempted to enhance the criminal investigation role of uniformed officers within the past five years?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
Is classroom instruction on investigations required for uniformed officers after they have completed the basic academy training?
 
Yes
 
No
 
What types of investigations training are provided?
Yes No
(a) Crime scene procedures
(b) Court testimony
(d) Interview/interrogation
(c) Evidence gathering
(e) Report writing
(f) Other
 
 
Is any refresher or advanced investigation training required of uniformed officers in your agency?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
SECTION III: INVESTIGATIVE MANAGEMENT
 
 
 
Have any investigators or uniformed officers in your agency been assigned to any investigations task forces?
 
Yes
 
No
 
What type of agencies, if any, were involved in the task force(s)?
Yes No N/A
(a) Local police agencies
(b) Sheriff agencies
(c) State agencies
(d) Federal agencies
(e) Other
 
 
Are there any anti-terrorism unit/team/task forces at your agency?
 
Yes
 
No
 
NA
 
 
If YES, were they established prior to September 11, 2001?
 
Yes
 
No
 
NA
 
 
What types of investigation task forces (single and/or multi-agency) was your agency involved in?
Yes No
a. A specific case (ex: a single murder)
b. A specific case type (ex: a series of murders)
c. Drug-related
d. Organized crime-related
e. Terrorism
f. Financial crimes
g. High technology crimes (the use/abuse of technology in order to facilitate crime)
h. Other
 
 
 
Are civilians (non-sworn) assigned to investigative support tasks at your agency (e.g., evidence collection, crime analysis intelligence, polygraph, etc.)?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Within the past five years, has your agency introduced any of the following investigative changes?

Projects:
Yes No
a. A crime analysis/intelligence function
b. Centralization of investigation units
c. Decentralization of investigation units
d. Formal case screening
e. Improved management and monitoring of continuing investigations
f. Police/prosecutor liaison programs
g. Responsibility for problem solving
h. Other
 
 
Factors that can impact the investigative function are listed below. For each factor, please indicate the degree to which it is a problem in your agency.

a. Uniformed Officer-related Factors
No Problem Slight Problem Moderate Problem Large Problem
(1) Extensive uniformed officer role in investigations
(2) Heavy administrative workload
(3) Heavy investigative workload
(4) Heavy uniformed officer supervisor workload
(5) Heavy uniformed officer overall workload
(6) Lack of accountability for investigations
(7) Lack of group cohesion
(8) Lack of investigative expertise
(9) Lack of opportunity for promotion
(10) Lateness of follow-up investigation
No Problem Slight Problem Moderate Problem Large Problem
(11) Low levels of experience
(12) Low uniformed officer job satisfaction/morale
(13) Not enough overtime for investigations
(14) Not enough training on investigations
(15) Poor communication between uniformed officers
(16) Poor communication between uniformed officers and investigators
(17) Poor investigation skills
 
b. Investigator Factors
No Problem Slight Problem Moderate Problem Large Problem
(1) Heavy administrative workload
(2) Heavy investigative workload
(3) Heavy investigator supervisor workload
(4) Lack of accountability for investigations
(5) Lack of group cohesion
(6) Lack of investigative expertise
(7) Lack of opportunity for promotion
(8) Lateness of follow-up investigation
(9) Low levels of experience
(10) Low investigator job satisfaction/morale
(11) Not enough overtime for investigations
(12) Not enough training on investigations
(13) Poor communication between investigators
(14) Poor communication between investigators and uniformed officers
(15) Poor investigation skills
 
c. Productivity Factors
No Problem Slight Problem Moderate Problem Large Problem
(1) Low arrest rates
(2) Low clearance rates
(3) Low prosecution rates
(4) Low conviction rates
 
A number of different goals that may be associated with the criminal investigation function are listed below. For each goal, indicate how important your agency considers it to be with regard to criminal investigations.

Crime-related Goals
Not Important Slightly Important Moderately Important Largely Important
(1) Clear cases
(2) Collect intelligence about other crimes
(3) Convict suspects
(4) Investigate all crimes
(5) Investigate all serious crimes
(6) Prevent crime
(7) Prosecute suspects
(8) Protect victims and witnesses
(9) Reduce crime
(10) Solve problems
(11) Other
 
 
Does your agency (when assigning cases for investigation) use case solvability factors to determine whether cases will be assigned?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
What types of crimes are they used for?
 
All types
 
Some types
 
 
 
Are there any innovative investigative programs or policies in your agency that are showing enough success or promise that other agencies would be interested in them?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
In regards to the investigation function during the next one to three years, does your agency have any plans for major changes?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Please indicate below how investigators most commonly prepare their reports?
Yes No
a. Handwritten/typed
b. Tape recorded and then transcribed by investigator
c. Tape recorded and then transcribed by others
d. Typed on computer for data base entry
 
 
At your agency how are investigation reports filed?
Yes No
a. Filed manually
b. Entered into a computer data base
 
 
At your agency how are investigation reports monitored?
Yes No
a. Interim reports required if case remains open after a specified period of time
b. Reports are reviewed by a supervisor if prosecutorial action is anticipated
c. Reports are reviewed by a supervisor before being filed if no prosecutorial action is anticipated
d. Other
 
 
For your agency how is the progress of investigations monitored? For each item below, indicate if it is not monitored, or whether it is tracked manually or by computer.
Not Monitored Monitored Manually Monitored by Computer
a. Complaint
b. Case referred to investigations unit
c. Investigator reports/efforts
d. Laboratory analysis of evidence
e. Referral to prosecutor
f. Prosecutor disposition
g. Court disposition
 
 
 
Although it is not required in every jurisdiction, is the recording of police-witness and/or victim interviewing legally required in your jurisdiction?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
Although it is not required in every jurisdiction, is the recording of police-suspect interrogations legally required in your jurisdiction?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
Although it may not be legally required, do your investigators routinely record by audio or audio/visual means interrogation of suspects?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Please indicate to what extent are victims notified of investigations by your agency.
Never Sometimes Usually Always
a. Notify victim of arrest of a suspect
b. Notify victim if case is cleared
c. Notify victim if a case is no longer actively investigated
d. Notify victim of case prosecution status
e. Notify victim of court disposition
f. Other
 
 
Please indicate the extent to which each of the items listed below have posed legal problems during the conduct of investigations in your agency during the past 5 years.
No Problem Slight Problem Moderate Problem Large Problem
a. Arrests
b. Coercion
c. Corruption
d. Covert listening devices
e. Interview/interrogation
f. Relations with police unions
g. Relations with the media
h. Searches
i. Surveillance
j. Sting operations
k. Undercover activities
l. Use of informants
m. Other
 
 
In order to improve investigative effectiveness what is the extent of your agency's need for additional funding in the areas listed below?
None Slight Moderate Large
a. Equipment (e.g., vehicles, surveillance)
b. Evidence collection issues
c. Evidence processing (e.g., crime labs, DNA analysis)
d. Funding for informants
e. Investigative operations (e.g., task forces, stings)
f. Personnel
g. Technology (e.g., computers, software)
h. Training
i. Other
 
 
 
In order to share information regarding investigative activities, does your agency meet regularly with other criminal justice agencies ?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
SECTION IV: INVESTIGATIVE EFFECTIVENESS
 
 
 
When judging an individual investigator's performance at your agency what level of importance do clearance rates have?
 
No importance
 
Low importance
 
Moderate importance
 
High importance
 
 
 
When judging the overall performance of investigative units at your agency, what level of importance do clearance rates have?
 
No importance
 
Low importance
 
Moderate importance
 
High importance
 
 
 
Has your agency experienced an increase or decline in the clearance of serious crimes in the past ten years?
 
Increase in clearance rates
 
Decline in clearance rates
 
Remained Constant (no change in clearance rates)
 
For each of the items below please indicate the degree to which you believe that doing these for investigators in your agency would help to improve clearance rates.
None Slight Moderate Large
a. Assignment of investigators to work in pairs
b. Better public relations
c. Closer supervision of investigative efforts
d. Closer working relationships with uniformed officers
e. Formal refresher training
f. Formal training upon appointment as investigator
g. Give patrol officers more investigative responsibility
h. Give patrol officers less investigative responsibility
i. Further investigative specialization
j. Improvements in evidence-related areas (collection, analysis, funding, etc.)
None Slight Moderate Large
k. Improvements in technology-related areas (computerized database files, etc.)
1. Improvements in police/prosecutor relationships
m. Improvements in investigations management (case screening, reports, etc.)
n. Increase in investigator manpower
0. More computerized investigative files
p. More emphasis on clearance rates for evaluation
q. More frequent meetings among investigators
r. More time to work unsolved cases
s. Organizational restructuring (decentralization/centralization, etc.)
t. Reduction in investigator case load
 
 
 
Does your agency's prosecutor have its own investigative staff?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Indicate the extent to which your local prosecutor’s office would usually be consulted about an investigation prior to an arrest, other than for the purpose of obtaining a warrant. Please respond to each crime type listed below.
Never Sometimes Usually Always
a. Homicide
b. Major drug case
c. Multiple jurisdiction investigations
d. Official misconduct or corruption
e. Organized crime
f. Serious personal crimes
g. Serious property crimes
h. White collar crime
i. High Technology Crimes
j. Other
 
 
Indicate the extent to which your local prosecutor’s office would assist in an investigation after an arrest, other than for the purpose of obtaining a warrant.
Never Sometimes Usually Always
a. Homicide
b. Major drug case
c. Multiple jurisdiction investigations
d. Official misconduct or corruption
e. Organized crime
f. Serious personal crimes
g. Serious property crimes
h. White collar crime
i. Technical computer/technology crimes
j. Other
 
 
 
Is there a regular and continuing organizational relationship between your agency and your prosecutor’s office aside from what is required for warrants and arrests?
 
Yes
 
No
 
Indicate the degree to which each of the following factors have been a problem in your agency’s relationship with your prosecutor’s office.
No Problem Slight Problem Moderate Problem Large Problem
a. Insufficient advice regarding legal issues
b. Insufficient feedback from prosecutor on cases not prosecuted
c. Insufficient notice of prosecutor needs
d. Problems regarding court scheduling
e. Poor communication between investigators and prosecutor
f. Prosecutor indifference to investigations
g. Prosecutor interference with investigations
h. Prosecutor non-responsiveness to agency requests for support
i. Prosecutor pressure on agency investigations
j. Prosecutor release of investigative information to the media
k. Requests to conduct unnecessary investigative leads
l. Other
 
 
 
SECTION V: INVESTIGATIVE SUPPORT
 
 
Are there any evidence technicians employed by your agency (persons specifically designated to collect and/or process evidence at crime scenes)?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
Indicate the number of evidence technicians authorized for full-time, part-time, or as an additional duty?
N/A
 
 
 
 
Is specialized experience or training required for people who are designated as evidence technicians in your agency?
 
Yes
 
No
 
NA
 
If YES, what type?
Yes No N/A
(1) A college degree
(2) Investigative experience
(3) Some college education
(4) Specialized in-house training
(5) Specialized training outside of your agency
(6) Sworn officer experience
(7) Other
 
 
 
In your agency, how would the investigative staff describe their access to routine crime laboratory services? Mark only one.
 
Available but difficult to get timely access
 
Readily available in all cases
 
Readily available but only in serious cases
 
Access is limited, hindering some investigations
 
 
 
How would investigators at your agency describe the average turn-around time for analysis other than for drug/alcohol cases when they make use of routine crime laboratory services? Mark only one.
 
Timely
 
Somewhat slow
 
Very slow
 
Completely inadequate
 
 
 
Does your agency have unsolved cases that are currently "backlogged" due to the fact there is no DNA analysis readily available?
 
Yes
 
No
 
 
If YES, why is DNA analysis not readily available?
Yes No
(1) Lack of funding
(2) Lack of qualified personnel
(3) Other
 
 
Who provides the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) service, when your agency uses it?
Yes No
a. Your agency's own AFIS
b. A state administered AFIS
c. A federally administered AFIS
d. Other
 
 
At your agency are the types of records listed below available to investigators in manual or computer form? Mark all that apply.
Not readily available Available manually Available on computer
a. Crime reports
b. Arrest reports
c. Case disposition
d. Prosecution disposition
e. Court dispositions
f. Summary crime statistics
 
 
Please indicate below the files that are maintained by your agency to support investigations. Mark all that apply.
Not readily available Available manually Available on computer
a. Fingerprints
b. Known offender
c. M.O. file
d. Mug shot
e. Organized crime intelligence
f. Narcotics intelligence
g. Sex offender
h. Stolen property
i. Stolen vehicles
j. Other
 
 
Mark all of the following to which uniformed officers and/or investigators have daily access to.
Uniformed Officers Investigators
a. E-mail
b. Cell telephones
c. Internet
d. Pagers
e. Voice mail
f. Smart phone (i.e. phones with internet, etc.)
 
 
Does your agency plan to upgrade or enhance any of the following within the next year?
Yes No
a. Computers in vehicles
b. Crime analysis capabilities
c. Crime report and case disposition files (arrest reports, court dispositions, etc.)
d. Investigative support files (fingerprints, known offender, M.O. file, intelligence files, etc.)
e. Personal communication devices (e-mail, cell phones, internet, smart phone, etc.)
f. Other
 
 
 
At your agency, is investigative work in general misrepresented in the popular media (CSI, television, movies, etc.)?
 
Yes
 
No
 
IF YES, to what degree do you think investigations work is misrepresented in the following areas?
None Slight Moderate Large
(1) Interrogations
(2) Investigator discretion
(3) Investigator intellectual ability
(4) Investigator physical ability
(5) Relationships with supervisors
(6) Relationships with suspects
(7) Relationships with the public
(8) Relationships with uniformed officers
(9) Relationships with victims and/or witnesses
(10) Use of excessive force
(11) Use of informants
(12) Crime Scene Investigation/Use of DNA
(13) Other
 
 
To what extent, within the past five years, has research in the areas identified below directly influenced your agency policy and/or practice regarding the criminal investigation process?
None Slight Moderate Large
a. Case screening
b. Criminal investigations management
c. Decentralization/centralization of investigators
d. Computerized data bases (e.g., AFIS)
e. Forensic science applications (e.g., DNA)
f. Investigator selection techniques
g. Relationships between investigations and community policing
h. Team policing
i. Access to and/or training in high technology assets
j. Other
 
 
What priority would you give to each of the following areas if additional research on the criminal investigative process were to be undertaken?
None Low Moderate High
a. Case screening
b. Clearance rates
c. Crime intelligence/mapping/information systems
d. Decentralization/centralization of investigators
e. Generalization/specialization of investigator roles
f. Integration of community policing and investigations
g. Interagency cooperation
h. Investigator relationships within communities
i. Investigator selection
j. Investigator training
None Low Moderate High
k. Management of continuing investigations
1. Performance evaluation of investigators
m. Police/prosecutor relations
n. Prosecution and conviction rates
0. Technological improvements in investigations management
p. Technological improvements in investigative techniques
q. The investigative role of patrol officers
r. Other
 
Please contact [email protected] if you have any questions regarding the survey.
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